Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973.

Vaccination in the United States: payer perspective on the working group and its recommendations.

Vaccination in the United States has been and continues to be a great public health success. Many common infectious diseases that were seen during the first half of the 20th century now rarely occur. When isolated outbreaks of mumps or measles occur, these exceptions prompt headlines in national media. Managed-care organizations have long focused on preventive services, and it was through their...

S/HMO Versus TEFRA HMO Enrollees: Analysis of Expenditures

This study compares expenditures on health care services for enrollees in a social health maintenance organization (S/HMO) and a Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA)-risk Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO). In addition to the traditional Medicare services covered by the TEFRA HMO, the S/HMO provided a long-term care (LTC) benefit and case management services for ...

Long term maintenance of Theileria annulata strains by freezing at -70'C

Trends in Medicare Health Maintenance Organization Enrollment: 1986-93

This study examines Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollment under the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA) of 1982 (Public Law 97-248) from 1986 to 1993. It shows that there was moderate growth in the number of Medicare beneficiaries participating in the TEFRA risk program, reaching 1 in 20 beneficiaries in 1993. Medicare HMO enrollment is heavily concentrated in a...

Morality and Values in Support of Universal Healthcare Must be Enshrined in Law; Comment on “Morality and Markets in the NHS”

This is a commentary on Gilbert and colleagues’ (1) paper on morality and markets in the National Health Service (NHS). Morality and values are not ephemeral qualities and universal healthcare is not simply an aspiration; it has to be enshrined in law. The creation of the UK NHS in 1948 was underpinned by core legal duties which required a system of public funding and delivery to follow. The mo...